In the case of a tanker and a sailing vessel crossing ahead from starboard, which is the give-way vessel?

In situations involving a tanker and a sailing vessel crossing, the tanker is considered the give-way vessel due to its classification and the rules established under the COLREGs (International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea).

According to Rule 18 of the COLREGs, a sailing vessel must keep clear of a vessel that is engaged in loading or unloading, as well as any vessels constrained by their draft, which often includes large tankers. The size and limited maneuverability of the tanker mean it must take action to avoid a collision when the two vessels are on a converging course. Since the tanker's capacity and navigation limitations make it less agile compared to the sailing vessel, it is established that the tanker must yield the right of way.

The other options do not apply to this specific situation. The size of a vessel does play a role in determining the give-way dynamics; however, it's the operational context and type of vessel that primarily dictate the right-of-way. Additionally, while speed can influence the ability to maneuver, the fundamental rules of right-of-way prioritize the characteristics of the vessels involved, which makes the tanker the give-way vessel in this scenario.