Under what conditions may lights be exhibited beyond sunset to sunrise?

The correct answer, indicating that lights may be exhibited beyond sunset to sunrise in all other circumstances as necessary, reflects the provisions of the COLREGs that recognize the need for vessels to maintain visibility to prevent collisions. Vessels are required to display navigation lights at night and in conditions of poor visibility, ensuring they can be seen by others and can see other vessels in their vicinity, regardless of the specific situational context.

For instance, during daylight, lights may still be required if a vessel is operating in restricted visibility due to factors like heavy rain or fog, where visibility does not allow for safe navigation. Therefore, the necessity to display lights spans beyond just nighttime operations to include times when visibility is compromised, clearly justifying the response of utilizing lights under various circumstances.

Options such as only during foggy weather, during daytime operations, or in open waters only do not encompass the broader range of situations for which lights are necessary. The COLREGs provide a clear directive that all vessels must exhibit appropriate lights when there's a risk of collision, thereby ensuring safety on the water at any time visibility may be impacted.